文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：经典名方中地肤子的本草考证

英文题名：Herbal Textual Research on Kochiae Fructus in Famous Classical Formulas

作者：胡慧芳[1];杨莉萍[1];陈飞[1];马晓辉[1];晋玲[1];詹志来[2]

第一作者：胡慧芳

机构：[1]甘肃中医药大学,兰州730000;[2]中国中医科学院中药资源中心,道地药材品质保障与资源持续利用全国重点实验室,北京100700

第一机构：甘肃中医药大学

年份：2025

卷号：31

期号：15

起止页码：247

中文期刊名：中国实验方剂学杂志

外文期刊名：Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae

收录：;北大核心:【北大核心2023】；

基金：中医药产业创新联合体项目(23ZDFA013-1);国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-21);甘肃省珍稀中药资源评价与保护利用工程研究中心开放基金项目(GSZXZY202203);中国工程院战略研究与咨询项目(GS2021ZDA06);道地药材生态种植及质量保障项目(国中医药科技[2020]153号)。

语种：中文

中文关键词：经典名方;地肤子;基原;本草考证;品质评价;炮制;临床禁忌

外文关键词：famous classical formulas;Kochiae Fructus;origin;herbal textual research;quality evaluation;processing;clinical contraindications

摘要：该文通过查阅古代本草、医籍、方书及近现代文献资料,对地肤子的名称、基原、产地、采收加工与炮制、性味归经、功能主治以及配伍禁忌等方面进行系统梳理与考证,为含该药材的经典名方开发利用提供依据。经考证可知,地肤子始载于《神农本草经》,历代均以“地肤子”为正名,尚有地麦、地葵、落帚等别名。历代本草所载地肤子的主流来源为藜科植物地肤Kochia scoparia的干燥成熟果实,古今一致。汉代著录的地肤子产地为荆州(今湖北一带),近现代以来的文献资料记载其全国各地均有分布,因此地肤子并无明显道地性。地肤子的采收时期多在秋末,品质以充实饱满、色灰绿、无杂质者为佳;其产地加工方法有两种:南北朝至明朝时期为阴干,中华人民共和国成立后为晒干;地肤子的炮制记载甚少,临床应用多以生品入药。地肤苗叶则为农历二月采苗,四五月取叶;产地加工为阴干;炮制方法有烧灰煎霜法、捣汁及酒浸法;内服煎水或捣汁,外用煎水洗或汤浴。历代所载地肤子味苦性寒,主治膀胱热;中华人民共和国成立后将其归为利水渗湿药;自1985年版《中华人民共和国药典》开始,均载地肤子味辛、苦,性寒。归肾、膀胱经,功能清热利湿,祛风止痒。临床禁忌主要为虚而无湿热者禁用。历代记载地肤苗叶味苦性寒,主痢;近代以来载其归肝、脾、大肠经,功能清热解毒,利尿通淋。基于考证结果,建议开发含有地肤子的经典名方时,采用K.scoparia的干燥成熟果实,按照原方炮制要求进行炮制后入药,原方未注明炮制要求者,取果实生品入药。
In this paper,by referring to ancient and modern literature,the textual research of Kochiae Fructus has been conducted to clarify the name,origin,distribution of production areas,quality specification,taste and efficacy,harvesting time,processing and compatibility taboo,so as to provide reference and basis for the development and utilization of related famous classical formulas.According to the investigation,it can be seen that Difuzi was first published in Sheng Nong's Herbal Classic,and has been used as the official name throughout history.It is also known by other names such as Dimai,Dikui,and Luozhou.The mainstream source of Difuzi in materia medica throughout history is the dried ripe fruit of Kochia scoparia,which is consistent throughout history.In the Han dynasty,it was recorded that Kochiae Fructus was produced in Jingzhou(Hubei province),while modern literature records its distribution throughout the country,so it does not have obvious geoherbalism.The harvesting period of Kochiae Fructus is mostly in the late autumn,and the quality is best when it is full,gray green in color,and no impurities.There are two processing methods for its origin:from the Southern and Northern dynasties to the Ming dynasty,it was dried in the shade,and after the founding of the People's Republic of China,it was dried in the sun.There are few records about the processing of Kochiae Fructus,and its clinical application is mostly based on raw products as medicine.The seedlings are harvested in February of the lunar calendar,and the leaves are taken in April and May,processing in the place of origin is shade drying,the processing methods include burning ash and frying frost,pounding juice and wine soaking.For internal use,it is mostly decocted or mashed,while for external use,it is mostly washed with decoction or taken in a soup bath.Throughout history,it has been recorded that Kochiae Fructus is bitter and cold,and is mainly used for treating bladder fever.After the founding of the People's Republic of China,most of the literature classified it as damp-clearing medicine.Since the 1985 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia,it has been recorded that Kochiae Fructus has a pungent and bitter taste,and a cold nature.Returning to the kidney and bladder meridians with functions of clearing heat and dampness,dispelling wind and relieving itching.The clinical contraindications are mainly prohibited for those with deficiency and no dampness and heat.Throughout history,it has been recorded that the taste of the seedlings and leaves is bitter and cold for treatment of dysentery.Since modern times,it has been used to regulate the liver,spleen and large intestine meridians,with functions such as clearing heat and detoxifying,and diuresis.Based on the textual research,it is recommended to use the dried ripe fruit of K.scoparia when developing the famous classical formulas containing Kochiae Fructus,and processing shall be carried out according to the original processing requirements.If the original formula does not specify the processing requirements,the raw products is taken into medicine.