文献类型：期刊文献

英文题名：Prophylactic Effects of Dietary Patterns and Indexes, Nutrition and Lifestyle on Hepatocellular Carcinoma

作者：Han, Zhiyuan[1,2];Song, Hao[1,3];Wang, Cailiu[1,2];Li, Qiang[1,2];Ye, Youbao[1,2];Liu, Wenxiu[1,2];Pang, Guanglong[1,2];Sun, Wanyu[1,2];Zhu, Xiaoyu[1,2];Wang, Sijiong[1];Hao, Xiangyong[2]

第一作者：Han, Zhiyuan

通信作者：Hao, XY[1]

机构：[1]Gansu Univ Chinese Med, Gansu Prov Hosp, Clin Med Coll 1, Lanzhou, Peoples R China;[2]Gansu Prov Hosp, Dept Gen Surg, Lanzhou, Peoples R China;[3]Lanzhou Univ, Dept Gen Surg, Hosp 2, Lanzhou, Peoples R China

第一机构：甘肃中医药大学

通信机构：[1]corresponding author), Gansu Prov Hosp, Dept Gen Surg, Lanzhou, Peoples R China.

年份：2026

外文期刊名：ANNALS OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY

收录：;Scopus(收录号：2-s2.0-105047193852);WOS:【SCI-EXPANDED(收录号:WOS:001845476100001)】；

基金：This work was supported by Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province (grant no. 23JRRA1313), Natural Science Foundation for Young Scientists and the Science & Technology Planning Project of Gansu Province (grant no. 18JR3RA058), Gansu Province Youth Innovative Talents Project (grant no. 2021LQGR15), Health Industry Scientific Research Program of Gansu Province (grant no. GSWSKY2020-06), and Research Projects of Gansu Provincial Hospital (grant no. 19SYPYB-7, 18GSSY3-1).

语种：英文

外文关键词：Hepatocellular carcinoma; Dietary patterns; Dietary indexes; Nutrition; Lifestyle; Prevention

摘要：Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common cancer in the world and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Accumulating evidence suggests that dietary patterns and indices, nutritional exposures, and lifestyle behaviors may influence HCC risk. Therefore, this review critically appraises current evidence regarding the role of these modifiable factors in HCC prevention.Methods Through searching 4 databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and the Cochrane Library) from inception to June 2026, we selected studies about dietary patterns and indexes, nutrition and lifestyle in the prevention of HCC and conducted a narrative review on this topic.Results Mediterranean, prudent, plant-based, dietary approaches to stop hypertension, the traditional Cantonese diet and high-quality dietary index, are generally associated with lower HCC risk, whereas Western dietary patterns, processed meat, ultra-processed foods, sugar-sweetened beverages, alcohol consumption, and smoking are associated with higher HCC or liver disease risk. Vegetables, fruits, fish, white meat, tea, coffee, and physical activity may also contribute to risk reduction, although the strength and directness of evidence vary across exposures. Importantly, most available studies are observational and rely on self-reported dietary assessments, with residual confounding, measurement error, reverse causality, and heterogeneous exposure definitions limiting causal interpretation.Conclusion Dietary, nutritional and lifestyle recommendations should be interpreted cautiously and incorporated into comprehensive HCC prevention strategies, including vaccination, antiviral therapy, alcohol abstinence, metabolic risk control, and surveillance for high-risk individuals. Further studies with standardized dietary assessment and validated HCC endpoints are needed to strengthen the evidence base for clinically actionable prevention.