文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：出土简牍治伤寒方组方规律探讨

英文题名：Composing prescriptions rules of unearthed bamboo slips involving prescriptions for treating exogenous febrile disease

作者：段祯[1];殷世鹏[2]

第一作者：段祯

机构：[1]甘肃中医药大学人文与外国语学院,甘肃兰州730101;[2]甘肃中医药大学图书馆,甘肃兰州730000

第一机构：甘肃中医药大学

年份：2021

卷号：38

期号：6

起止页码：18

中文期刊名：甘肃中医药大学学报

外文期刊名：Journal of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine

语种：中文

中文关键词：出土简牍;伤寒;方剂;药物;组方规律

外文关键词：unearthed bamboo slips;exogenous febrile disease(EFD);prescriptions;medicinals;composing prescriptions rules

摘要：选取"伤寒四物"方、"治伤寒逐风方"、"治鲁氏青行解解腹方"、"治久咳逆胸痹痿痹止泄心腹久积伤寒方"4首出土简牍治伤寒方,对其组成进行分析,发现此4方并非出自一时一地,却呈现出高度的相似性,说明早期治伤寒方的组成或许本就如此;对此4方的用药频次进行分析后发现其方惯以乌喙、附子、细辛等辛温之品为其主药,并根据需要从术、桂、蜀椒中任选2味作为辅助,以发汗解表、散寒止痛、降逆止咳、消积除满。将出土简牍治伤寒方与《伤寒论》桂枝汤、麻黄汤、大青龙汤、小青龙汤等4方的组成及用药情况进行对比,发现后者多以桂枝、甘草、麻黄、姜为其主药,并根据需要酌加大枣、杏仁、芍药之辈,其方甘温、甘平、辛温之品并用,与力道峻猛的出土简牍治伤寒方相比,传世伤寒方的力道已趋温和。
Four unearthed bamboo slips involving prescriptions for treating exogenous febrile disease(EFD),namely“Shanghan Siwu(伤寒四物)”Fang,“Zhi Shanghan Zhufeng Fang(治伤寒逐风方)”,“Zhi Lushi Qingxingjie Jiefu Fang(治鲁氏青行解解腹方)”and“Zhi Jiukeni Xiongbi Weibi Zhixie Xinfujiuji Shanghan Fang(治久咳逆胸痹痿痹止泄心腹久积伤寒方)”,are selected to analyze their composition.It is found that these four prescriptions do not come from one place at a time,but show a high degree of similarity,indicating that the composition of the early prescription for treating EFD may have been so.After analyzing the medication frequency of these 4 prescriptions,it is found that they are used to taking the pungent and warm medicinals such as Aconitum kusnezoffii Reichb.,Aconiti lateralis radix praeparata.and Asari radix et rhizoma as the main medicinal,and 2 flavors selected optionally from Atractylodes DC.,Cinnamomi ramulus and Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim.as adjuvant in need,so as to induce sweating to relieve superficies,dispel cold to relieve pain,descend adverse flow of qi to stop cough and resolve food retention to relieve fullness.Comparing the composition and medication of the unearthed bamboo slips for treating EFD with Guizhi Tang(桂枝汤),Mahuang Tang(麻黄汤),Daqinglong Tang(大青龙汤)and Xiaoqing long Tang(小青龙汤)in Treatise on Febrile Diseases,it is found that the latter mostly takes Cinnamomi ramulus,Glycyrrhizae radix et rhizoma,Ephedrae herba and Zingiberis rhizoma as its main medicinals,and adds Jujubae fructus,Armeniacae semen amarum and Paeonia lactiflora Pall.as needed,and its prescriptions simultaneously use sweet taste and warm property medicinals,sweet taste and neutral property medicinals,pungent and warm property medicinals.Compared with the unearthed bamboo slips for treating EFD,the strength of the handed down Shanghain Fang tends to be mild.